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This article is about the sport. For other uses, see Baseball (disambiguation).
Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each. The goal is to score runs by hitting a thrown ball with a bat and touching a series of four bases arranged at the corners of a ninety-foot square, or diamond. Players on one team (the batting team) take turns hitting against the pitcher of the other team (the fielding team), which tries to stop them from scoring runs by getting hitters out in any of several ways. A player on the batting team can stop at any of the bases and later advance via a teammate's hit or other means. The teams switch between batting and fielding whenever the fielding team records three outs. One turn at bat for each team constitutes an inning and nine innings make up a professional game. The team with the most runs at the end of the game wins.
Evolving from older bat-and-ball games, an early form of baseball was being played in England by the mid-eighteenth century. This game and the related rounders were brought by British and Irish immigrants to North America, where the modern version of baseball developed. By the late nineteenth century, baseball was widely recognized as the national sport of the United States. Baseball on the professional, amateur, and youth levels is now popular in North America, parts of Central and South America and the Caribbean, and parts of East Asia. The game is sometimes referred to as hardball, in contrast to the derivative game of softball.
In North America, professional Major League Baseball (MLB) teams are divided into the National League (NL) and American League (AL). Each league has three divisions: East, West, and Central. Every year, the major league champion is determined by playoffs that culminate in the World Series. Four teams make the playoffs from each league: the three regular season division winners, plus one wild card team. Baseball is the leading team sport in both Japan and Cuba, and the top level of play is similarly split between two leagues: Japan's Central League and Pacific League; Cuba's West League and East League. In the National and Central leagues, the pitcher is required to bat, per the traditional rules. In the American, Pacific, and both Cuban leagues, there is a tenth player, a designated hitter, who bats for the pitcher. Each top-level team has a farm system of one or more minor league teams. These teams allow younger players to develop as they gain on-field experience against opponents with similar levels of skill.
A. Categorias lexicales y uso del diccionario.
1. Selecciona un texto relacionado con tu area de interes. Identifica 3 palabras que no conoces.. agrega las abreviaciones.
1) teammate's: compañero de equipo
2) widely: ampliamente, amplio, grande el contexto
3) hitting: golpes
2. Idea principal del texto (en español): La idea principal del texto se trata del Beisbol y cuales son sus diferentes tecnicas de trabajo y del juego en general
3. Categorias lexicales: (2 ejemplos por categoria)
• Palabras de contenido: baseball, sport
• Palabras de Función: in, other
• Verbos: is, take
• Adverbio: similarly, widely
• Adjetivo: modern, popular
• Artículo: the, a
• Preposiciones:by, from
• Conjunción: and, that
• Cognados verdaderos: professional, several, sport
• cognados Falsos: a
• Sufijo: touch-ing,
• Prefijos:
B. Estructura de la oracion: (2 ejemplos)
Selecciona 2 oraciones completas de tu texto (las oraciones deben ir de punto a punto.. asegurate que no tienen comas)
Oracion 1: Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each
Frase nominal: Baseball
Nucleo de la frase nominal: Baseball
Pre modificadores: no tiene
Post modificadores: no tiene
Frase verbal: is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each
Nucleo de la frase verbal: is
Tiempo verbal: presente
Oracion 2: The goal is to score runs by hitting a thrown ball with a bat and touching a series of four bases arranged at the corners of a ninety-foot square
Frase nominal: The goal
Nucleo de la frase nominal: Goal
Pre modificadores:no tiene
Post modificadores: no tiene
Frase verbal: is to score runs by hitting a thrown ball with a bat and touching a series of four bases arranged at the corners of a ninety-foot square
Nucleo de la frase verbal:is
Tiempo verbal:presente
Unidad 3
C. Técnicas de lectura: predicción, scanning y skimming
Seleccione un texto que tenga una imagen.
The History of Baseball.
While the exact origins of baseball are unknown, most historians agree that it is based on the English game of rounders. A game which began to become quite popular in this country in the early 19th century, and many sources report the growing popularity of a game called "townball", "base", or "baseball".
Throughout the early part of the 19th century, small towns formed teams, and baseball clubs were formed in larger cities. In 1845, Alexander Cartwright wanted to formalize a list of rules by which all teams could play. Much of that original code is still in place today. Although popular legend says that the game was invented by Abner Doubleday, baseball's true father was Cartwright.
The first recorded baseball contest took place a year later, in 1846. Cartwright and his Knickerbocker Base Ball Club of New York City lost to the New York Baseball Club in a game at the Elysian Fields, in Hoboken, New Jersey. These amateur games became more frequent and more popular. In 1857, a convention of amateur teams was called to discuss rules and other issues. Twenty five teams from the northeast sent delegates. The following year, they formed the National Association of Base Ball Players, the first organized baseball league. In its first year of operation, the league supported itself by occasionally charging fans for admission. The future looked very bright.
The early 1860s, however were a time of great turmoil in the United States. In those years of the Civil War, the number of baseball clubs dropped dramatically. But interest in baseball was carried to other parts of the country by Union soldiers, and when the war ended there were more people playing baseball than ever before. The league�s annual convention in 1868 drew delegates from over 100 clubs. As the league grew, so did the expenses of playing. Charging admission to games started to become more common, and teams often had to seek out donations or sponsors to make trips. In order for teams to get the financial support they needed, winning became very important.
Observe la imagen y conteste las siguientes preguntas.
De acuerdo al título y la imagen: ¿cuál cree usted que es el tópico que está a punto de leer?
El topica se trata de cómo empezo el beisbol como deporte
Luego lea el texto
¿Cuál es la idea general del texto?
LA idea general del texto es como empezo a nacer el beisbol y en las primeras ciudades que se empezo a ver el nacimiento de este deporte y como se empezo a hacer popular
¿Que palabras se repiten?
Baseball, game, teams
¿Que palabras se parecen al español?
Popular, operation,
¿Cuales son las palabras en negrita, el titulo, subtitulo o gráficos que te ayudan a entender el texto?
Baseball, rules.
Titulo: History of Baseball
¿De qué trata el texto? Lee el primer párrafo y el último o la ultimas ideas del último párrafo.
El texto se trata de que los origenes de quienes inventaron el baseball son desconocidos pero se empezo a hacer popular en el siglo 19, que despues de la guerra hubo mas interes en jugar este deporte y luego se hizo comun la venta de entradas para ver los juegos y asi se fue expandiendo.
Patrones de Organización de un Párrafo
A. Seleccione un texto relacionado con su área de experticia.
Baseball is one of the most popular sports in Japan. It was introduced to Japan in 1872 by Horace Wilson, who taught at the Kaisei School in Tokyo. The first baseball team was called the Shimbashi Athletic Club and was established in 1878. Baseball has been a popular sport ever since. It is called 野球 (やきゅう; yakyū) in Japanese, combining the characters for fielding and ball. Hiroshi Hiraoka, an engineering student who was exposed to baseball during a period of study in the United States, introduced the game to his co-workers at Japan’s national railways in upon his return in 1878. He and his co-workers created the first baseball team, the Shimbashi Athletic Club, and dominated other teams which popped up in Japan. However, it was not until the team from Ichiko (also known as the First Higher School of Tokyo, now a part of Tokyo University), the country's most prestigious prep school, started play in 1886 that the sport began to take hold in Japanese culture.
In 1891, Ichiko challenged the "whites only" Yokohama Athletic Club to a match-up on the diamond, only to have the request refused, as the Yokohama squad refused to play against non-Caucasian players. As a result, the team from the Christian missionary school Meiji Gakuin offered to play Ichiko and subsequently handed them a decisive defeat. Humiliated, Ichiko began developing an intense training philosophy wherein players would train to the point of complete physical exhaustion for the betterment of the team.[1] This training ideology would serve as the foundation of the Japanese game well into the 20th century. In 1896, the Yokohama Athletic Club (fielding a team composed mainly of sailors) finally agreed to play against Ichiko and were defeated 29 to 4. It was the first recorded international baseball game in Asia.
After the 1896 victory over Yokohama Athletic Club, universities began adopting the sport and it quickly spread throughout Japan. The university teams began to travel to the United States as well as host American university teams in Japan to play and learn from their American counterparts. Waseda University was one of the first teams to cross the ocean to improve their skills; in 1905, the Japanese government funded the Waseda team’s tour of the United States, where it played college teams from around the country. Other universities in Japan made similar trips, and American university teams in turn traveled to Japan to play in a trend which would continue into the 1930s. Waseda and Keio University began a fierce rivalry (the Sokeisen) in 1903, which has been going on for over a century (with the exception of 1905-1925, when it was banned because of overly rowdy behavior). By 1925, four other major universities had created teams, leading to the formation of the Tokyo Big6 Baseball League.
Before 1908, only amateur players competed in the games between United States and Japanese teams. In that year, a team composed of American minor and major league players, the Reach All-Americans, played teams from several countries, including Japan. The Chicago White Sox and New York Giants visited Japan on a similar international tour in 1913. In 1920, Major League Baseball commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis supported former major leaguer Herb Hunter’s efforts to send a team of major and minor leaguers to Japan for a series of games and coaching clinics with university teams. The success of the tour led to seven additional Hunter-led excursions of major and minor league players to Japan, which culminated in what is possibly the most notable series of match-ups between American and Japanese teams to date, the All-Star tour of 1934. During this 1934 series, a team of Japan’s finest players, assembled by Yomiuri Shimbun owner Matsutarō Shōriki, were outplayed in all 18 of their games against Major League All-Stars. However, in one of the contests, pitcher Eiji Sawamura gained status as a national hero and baseball legend by striking out Hall of Famers Charlie Gehringer, Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, and Jimmie Foxx in order in a 1-0 loss. Shōriki kept his team together after the tour, and after a series of exhibition games throughout the United States and Canada in 1935, the team declared professional status in 1936 and became the Yomiuri Giants, the first team to join the new Japanese Baseball League.
Escriba cual es la idea general del párrafo:
LA historia del beisbol en japon y las personas que lo inventaron y como los japoneses se animaron a aceptar este deporte
Lea el texto y extraiga los marcadores de definición.
Is used, refer to, can be, also ... as, is
B. Seleccione otro texto relacionado con su área de experticia y extraiga las palabras de secuencia u Ordenamiento del tiempo.
Baseball exploded in Venezuela in 1941, following the world championship in Havana.
On December 27, 1945, the owners of the Caracas Brewery (Cervecería Caracas, present day Caracas Lions or Leones del Caracas), Vargas Wisemen (Sabios de Vargas), the Magellan Navigators (Navegantes del Magallanes), and Venezuela BBC created the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League. The league is formally registered as an institution during January 1946, and in the same month organizes its first tournament, starting on January 3, 1946.
Vargas Wisemen, led by Daniel "Chino" Canónico, became the first champion, with a record of 18 wins and 12 loses.
During the first tournaments, games were played on Thursdays and Saturdays on the afternoons, and Sundays in the morning. This was the norm until Cervecería Caracas' park - located in the San Agustín del Norte zone of Caracas - was fitted with electric lights, enabling its use during nights. Thus, a game was added on Tuesday nights.
Eventually, the tournament was changed to accommodate two rounds, with the top team of each round having a best-of-5 play-off to determine the champion.
On August 8, 1952, Pablo Morales and Oscar Prieto Ortiz purchase the Cervecería Caracas team from Martín Tovar Lange, who had previously purchased the team form its previous owners, Caracas Brewery Co. The new owners rename the team (reigning champions by that time) as Caracas Lions (Leones del Caracas), after the full name of the city, Santiago de Leon de Caracas. On October 17, 1952, the 1952-1953 tournament started, with the first game of Leones del Caracas vs. Venezuela BBC. Leones del Caracas would win their inaugural tournament.
Ordenamiento del tiempo: On December 27, 1945. January 3, 1946. August 8, 1952
